Resolvins, Protectins, and Maresins: DHA-Derived Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediators, Biosynthetic Pathways, Synthetic Approaches, and Their Role in Inflammation.

Marine organisms are an important source of natural products with unique and diverse chemical structures that may hold the key for the development of novel drugs. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an omega-3 fatty acid marine natural product playing a crucial regulatory role in the resolution of inflammation and acting as a precursor for the biosynthesis of the anti-inflammatory specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) resolvins, protectins, and maresins. These metabolites exert many beneficial actions including neuroprotection, anti-hypertension, or anti-tumorigenesis. As dysregulation of SPMs is associated with diseases of prolonged inflammation, the disclosure of their bioactivities may be correlated with anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving capabilities, offering new targets for drug design. The availability of these SPMs from natural resources is very low, but the evaluation of their pharmacological properties requires their access in larger amounts, as achieved by synthetic routes. In this report, the first review of the total organic syntheses carried out for resolvins, protectins, and maresins is presented. Recently, it was proposed that DHA-derived pro-resolving mediators play a key role in the treatment of COVID-19. In this work we also review the current evidence on the structures, biosynthesis, and functional and new-found roles of these novel lipid mediators of disease resolution.

Design of hexacopter UAV system for disinfectant spraying

The spread of Covid-19 prevention has been carried out widely for example is the use of technology disinfectants. One of the development technologies at this time are drones. This study aims to design a UAV system as a disinfectant sprayer. Hexacopter is a type of drone that can fly more freely in the air that consists of 4 basic movements as throttle, roll motion, pitch motion, and yaw motion. The design method uses the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). The analysis is needed including analysis of hardware and software requirements through a literature study. The design phase is designing concepts from the software. The development phase is to build-up the components into a drone. In the implementation phase by tool testing and an assessment of the implementation will be carried out. This research is an early part of the development of the UAV system. The results that design of UAV system consisting of components used Naza-M V2, a 23-inch propeller mounted on a 180KV Hobbywing X6 motor, ESC 80A, and a 12S 44.2V battery. Based on the results of hexacopter testing that can fly for 6 minutes, the weight is 10kg and works well in spraying disinfectants. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

The effectiveness of disinfectant spraying based on drone technology

The disinfectant spraying activity includes a part of efforts to prevent the spread of Covid-19. Spraying is usually done by manual method. This condition results in uneven spraying and it takes a long time. So, automatic disinfectant sprayers is the way to resolve this problem. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of disinfectant spray devices based on drones. The application of automation is obtained from the use of drone technology and testing the spraying in interval time. This research is conducted by using a drone design study method and field testing. The design of the drone as a spray tool is based on the basic assembled X6 tarot framework. The drone that will be used later can lift up to 6 kg as a maximum weight. The design stage begins by conducting a literature study of the type of control use. Control settings are made by calibrating the device to the drone's load to obtain the maximum movement. The use of drones for spraying disinfectant liquid is done by taking off using the flying mode automatically regulated through the Mission Planner software. The results showed that the prototype drone uses a 6-liter tank capacity with a flight time of 6-8. In this case, the use of drones as disinfectant sprayers can facilitate spraying activities and cut down on application time. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

Early continuous renal replacement therapy in patients with COVID-19 after percutaneous coronary intervention

Background: Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) is a frequently used technique in managing critical patients in ICU. CRRT is applicable in patients with unstable hemodynamic, renal, or non-renal indications, such as removing the excess urea and creatinine from patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) or clearing the tumour necrosis factor from patients with systemic inflammations. Currently, a standard for managing COVID-19 patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) and ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is not yet available. This article will present a report of a COVID-19 patient who was successfully treated with early intubation, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and CRRT. Case Presentation A 58-year-old man was admitted to our centre with signs of a heart attack. The patient has a history of hypertension and diabetes for more than ten years. This condition was also aggravated by COVID-19. Immediately, the patient was managed with the STEMI protocol and prepared for PCI. Before conducting the PCI, we performed intubation and inserted central vascular access to minimize the contamination. After the catheterization, we performed CRRT with CVVHDF mode to treat renal and non-renal indications in this patient. The patient showed an improvement with a stable hemodynamic and a better renal function. We also managed to improve the hemostasis function, oxygenation, and perfusion. The patient was extubated after three days and treated in an outpatient setting after recuperating from COVID-19. Conclusion: An early CRRT might be beneficial in COVID-19 patients with AKI and STEMI for renal and non-renal indications, besides early intubation and PCI.